Case report: Suspected plasmablastic lymphoma in a dog resembling the clinical presentation in humans.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare form of lymphoma in people. PBL originates from plasmablasts and usually presents with swelling/mass in the mouth/neck. A 7-year-old Mongrel dog was presented for a large oral and neck mass. Cytology and histopathology were suggestive of a round cell tumor that was suspected to be lymphoma. An immunohistochemical (IHC) stain panel showed positive for CD18, thus supporting the diagnosis of round cell tumor, but negative for T- and B-cell lymphomas, CD3, CD20, and PAX-5. Other markers including cytokeratin AE1/3 (for epithelial cell origin), CD31 (for endothelial cells), SOX10 (for melanoma), IBa-1 (for histiocytic sarcoma), and CD117 (for mast cell tumor) were all negative. MUM-1 (for plasma cell differentiation) was strongly positive and CD79a (B cell and plasma cells) was also scantly positive. Based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry results in combination with the clinical presentation, a suspected diagnosis of PBL was made. As per available literature, this is perhaps the first highly suspected case of PBL in a dog.

Clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of a transitional cell carcinoma from nasal cavity, frontal and ethmoidal sinus with meningoencephalic invasion in a dog.

Background: Primary neoplasms of the nasal cavity and sinuses are uncommon in domestic animals, most of which are of epithelial origin, being adenocarcinoma the most common tumor diagnosed in this region. Some malignant nasal cavity neoplasms may invade the brain causing clinical neurological signs, as well as purulent nasal secretion and epistaxis. Case Description: A case of neoplasm is reported in a 14-year-old pincher presenting dyspnea, epistaxis, and neurological alterations. Necropsy revealed the presence of a mass in the oral cavity vestibule, and another in the whole nasal cavity with invasion of the cribiform plate, meninges and brain. Squamous cells carcinoma was diagnosed in the oral cavity and transitional carcinoma in the nasal cavity. The immunohistochemistry confirmed that the brain infiltration was of the same origin as the nasal cavity neoplasm. Conclusion: The present report describes a rare case of transitional carcinoma of the nasal cavity as well as the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses with brain invasion, confirmed by immunohistochemistry. It is extremely important for veterinarians to include neoplasms in their differential diagnoses, when these animals show chronic respiratory signs and neurological alterations that do not improve with appropriate treatment, always associating with complementary exams, for correct diagnosis establishment and prognosis formulation.

Pathological and parasitological characterization of Prosthenorchis elegans in a free-ranging marmoset Callithrix geofroyi from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest / Caracterização patológica e parasitológica de Prosthenorchis elegans em Callithrix geoffroyi primate de vida livre da Mata Atlântica

Prosthenorchis elegans is an acanthocephalan intestinal parasite reported in neotropical primates. Despite parasitism by P. elegans having already been described in wild marmosets in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, there are no reports of this infection in wild Geoffroy's marmoset (Callithrix geofroyi). The aim of this study is to report one case of P. elegans parasitism in a free-ranging C. geoffroyi from Brazilian Atlantic Forest in Espírito Santo state, and characterize the pathological and parasitological findings of this infection. One Geoffroy's marmoset necropsied at the Vila Velha University's Veterinary Pathology Laboratory presented intense chronic transmural ulcerative enteritis associated with twenty cylindrical helminths present in the jejunum and ileum. We can conclude that parasitism by P. elegans occurs in free-ranging groups of Geoffroy's marmosets. Its infection produced severe intestinal lesions even in free-ranging marmoset and therefore is a threat to this animal's survival in wildlife and can have some impact on primate conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.(AU)

Prosthenorchis elegans é um acantocéfalo intestinal descrito em primatas neotropicais. Apesar do parasitismo por P. elegans já ter sido descrito de saguis da Mata Atlântica brasileira, não há relatos da infecção em saguis-da-cara-branca (Callithrix geofroyi) de vida livre. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de parasitismo por P. elegans em um C. geoffroyi de vida livre proveniente da Mata Atlântica brasileira no Estado do Espírito Santo e caracterizar os achados patológicos e parasitológicos dessa infecção. Um sagui-da-cara-branca foi necropsiado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Vila Velha, onde foi observada intensa enterite ulcerativa transmural crônica associada a vinte helmintos cilíndricos presentes no jejuno e íleo. Conclui-se que o parasitismo por P. elegans ocorre em grupos livres de saguis-da-cara-branca e a sua infecção leva a lesões intestinais graves; portanto, este parasita pode prejudicar a sobrevivência deste animal na vida selvagem e pode ter algum impacto na conservação de primatas na Mata Atlântica brasileira.(AU)

Doença do corpúsculo de inclusão e espondilite por Salmonella sp. em uma Boa constrictor constrictor / Inclusion body disease and spondilitis by Salmonella sp. in a Boa constrictor constrictor

Doença do corpúsculo de inclusão (IBD) é uma enfermidade caracterizada por corpúsculos intracitoplasmáticos em diversos tecidos, principalmente no sistema nervoso central, responsável pelos principais sinais clínicos atribuídos à doença que acomete Boas e Phytons de cativeiro; essa enfermidade tem sido uma preocupação mundial devido à alta morbidade e mortalidade. O diagnóstico é feito pela visualização dos corpúsculos causados por um Arenavírus modificado. Salmonella sp. pertence à microflora de animais de sangue frio e quente, e é um patógeno oportunista que pode causar quadros gastrointestinais ou septicêmicos. Em répteis a Salmonella sp. é a bactéria com maior frequência de citações em espondilites e osteomielites. Relata-se um caso de uma jiboia (Boa constrictor constrictor) que apresentava restrição de movimento e múltiplos granulomas dorsais nas vértebras; à radiografia evidenciaram-se regiões fraturadas. Após meses de tratamentos sem melhora clínica e o aparecimento de novas lesões o animal ficou prostrado, anoréxico, caquético e desenvolveu opistótono; optou-se pela eutanásia. À necropsia verificaram-se, nas vértebras, múltiplos focos dorsais com aumento de volume que variava de 1,7cm à 3,8cm. Ao corte as vértebras eram deformadas e exibiam conteúdo caseoso focal próximo ao canal medular, este foi coletado para microbiologia onde se identificou Salmonella sp. À microscopia as vértebras tinham um infiltrado inflamatório multifocal moderado de macrófagos e heterofilos. Algumas áreas possuíam grande quantidade de granulomas com calcificação central e inúmeras células gigantes; outros mostravam áreas de osteomalácia e fibrose. Em raros focos havia fratura do corpo vertebral e compressão da medula espinhal com leve infiltrado inflamatório invadindo o canal medular. No pulmão, principalmente no epitélio brônquico, por vezes até dentro de linfócitos do tecido linfoide bronco-associado, no intestino, fígado, vesícula biliar, nos rins e no encéfalo foram encontradas diversas estruturas eosinofílicas intracitoplasmáticas arredondadas que variavam de 1 a 10 µm. Essas estruturas acompanhavam ou não inflamações mononucleares. Os achados são compatíveis com IBD e espondilite por salmonelose. A IBD é uma enfermidade frequente em serpentes de cativeiro, de importância mundial, que provavelmente é subdiagnosticada no Brasil. Essa doença causa imunossupressão que favorece ao desenvolvimento de outras enfermidades, e é tipicamente associada a outras doenças como a espondilite encontrada no caso.(AU)

Inclusion Body Disease (IBD) is a disorder characterized by intracytoplasmic corpuscles in different tissues, mainly in the CNS, wich is responsible for the major neurological signs attributable to this disease. It affects Boas and Phytons in captivity and have been a global concern due to the high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis is made by visualization of corpuscles caused by a modified Arenaviruses. Salmonella sp. belongs to microflora of cold and warm-blooded animals; it is an opportunistic pathogen that can causes gastrointestinal or septic disorders. In reptiles, Salmonella sp. is the bacteria most frequently quotes in spondylitis and osteomyelitis. This article describes a boa constrictor (Boa constrictor constrictor) that had restriction of movement and multiple granulomas in the dorsal vertebrae, the shadowgraph showed up fractured regions. After months of treatment without clinical improvement and the emergence of new injuries, the animal started to get prostrate, anorexic, cachectic and developed opisthotonos. It was opted for euthanasia. At necropsy it was found in multiple spots swelling of the dorsal vertebrae that ranging from mild to moderate. At the cutting vertebrae it was visible deformed and showed focal caseous content near the spinal cord, this was collected for microbiology where it was identified Salmonella sp. At microscopic evaluation the vertebrae had one to multifocal moderate inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and heterophils. Some areas had lots of granulomas with central calcification and numerous giant cells. Other vertebras showed areas of osteomalácea and fibrosis. Rare focus had vertebral body fracture and spinal cord compression with mild infiltration entering the spinal cord canal. In the lung, especially in the bronchial epithelium, sometimes even within lymphocytes in bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue, in the intestine, liver, gall bladder, kidney and brain were found various structures of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic rounded ranging between 1 and 10 micrometers. These structures accompanied or not mononuclear inflammation. These findings are consistent with IBD and spondylitis due to salmonellosis. The IBD is a common disease in captive snakes, of world importance, is probably underdiagnosed in Brazil. This disease causes immunosuppression favoring the development of other affections, and is typically associated with other diseases such as spondylitis found in the case.(AU)